tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57788774431800716842024-03-12T21:30:53.723-07:00BASIS DATAMentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-30617618630656260612012-02-16T07:09:00.000-08:002012-02-16T07:09:16.814-08:00Jenis Tipe Data di Microsoft Access<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="-->
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:282808254;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:152729426 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-tab-stop:18.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:18.0pt;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US">Jenis tipe data:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV"><span>1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV">Text</span></b><span lang="SV">, maksimum berisi
255 karakter termasuk huruf, angka, dan karakter-karakter khusus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV"><span>2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV">Memo</span></b><span lang="SV">, maksimum berisi
65.536 karakter. Untuk menyimpan jenis data memo ini, Access hanya membutuhkan
ruang harddisk sebanyak jumlah karakter yang di ketikkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV"><span>3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV">Number</span></b><span lang="SV">, menyimpan
angka-angka yang biasa digunakan dalam perhitungan (baik bulat maupun pecahan).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US"><span>4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Date/Time</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, menyimpan tanggal dan waktu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV"><span>5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV">Currency</span></b><span lang="SV">, menyimpan
angka yang menyatakan jumlah uang atau angka sembarang, dengan ketelitian
sampai empat decimal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US"><span>6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">AutoNumber</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, menyimpan nomor-nomor
berurutan secara otomatis bagi record.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US"><span>7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Yes/No</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, hanya ada 2 kemungkinan data,
Yes/no, True/false, on/off, bergantung format yang dipilih dibagian property.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US"><span>8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">OLE Object</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, menyimpan data dari aplikasi
windows lain yang mendukung kemampuan OLE (<i>Object
Linking and Embedding</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US"><span>9.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Hyperlinks</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, bentuk teks atau kombinasi
teks yang dapat digunakan sebagai alamat <i>hyperlink</i>
(path menuju object atau dokumen lain pada hard disk atau jaringan, Web Page
Internet, dsb).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US"><span>10.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US">Lookup Wizard</span></b><span lang="EN-US">, dapat membuat field yang
mempunyai pilihan isian data berbentuk daftar. Akan muncul wizard yang akan
menuntun menyelesaikan tahapan pembuatannya.</span></div>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-76073732769828213482012-02-16T07:01:00.000-08:002012-02-16T07:26:51.858-08:00Jenis-Jenis Hubungan Basisdata<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:2;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:auto;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:auto;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
pre
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
span.HTMLPreformattedChar
{mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char";
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted";
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:993602368;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-299059850 67698703 5412804 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level2
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:72.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l1
{mso-list-id:1664773415;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-1244392304 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l1:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style>
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV"><b>Jenis-jenis hubungan</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif";">satu ke satu</span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";">, misalnya dalam suatu perusahaan
mempunyai aturan satu supir hanya boleh menangani satu kendaraan karena
alasan tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif";">satu ke banyak </span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";">/ banyak ke satu, misalnya suatu
sekolah selalu mempunyai asumsi bahwa satu kelas terdiri dari banyak siswa
tetapi tidak sebaliknya, yaitu satu siswa tidak dapat belajar pada kelas
yang berbeda.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Model relasi entiti didasarkan pada persepsi dunia nyata yang terdiri dari
himpunan obyek dasar yang disebut entiti dan relasi antar entiti.
Entiti adalah obyek yang dapat diidentifikasi secara unik.
Entiti dikarakterisasi dan dipresentasikan dengan suatu gugus atribut.
Contoh gugus atribut dari entiti PEKERJA adalah nama, tanggal lahir, NIP, golongan/pangkat.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sekelompok entiti yang memiliki karakterisasi entiti disebut gugus entiti(<i>entity set</i>).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
Contoh gugus entiti adalah gugus entiti pegawai bank, gugus entiti nasabah bank.
Dari beberapa gugus tadi mungkin terjadi suatu relasi, misalnya relasi antara gugus bank
dengan gugus nasabah bank.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Berdasarkan jumlah gugus yang terlibat maka relasi antar entiti dibedakan menjadi :<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a. Relasi biner (binary), yaitu relasi antar 2 gugus entiti.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">b. Relasi trio (ternary), yaitu relasi antar 3 gugus entiti.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">c. Relasi N-ary, yaitu relasi antar n gugus entiti.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Khusus untuk relasi biner maka relasi antar anggota dari dua gugus yang terlibat
(kardinalitas relasi biner) dapat bersifat :<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Relasi 1-1 (one-to-one relationship).<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adalah satu entiti anggota gugus diasosiasikan dengan tepat satu entiti anggota gugus yang lain. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p>b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Relasi 1-banyak (one-to-many relationship).<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adalah satu entiti anggota gugus diasosiasikan dengan satu atau lebih entiti anggota gugus yang lain.
Sebaliknya satu entiti anggota gugus yang lain tersebut diasosiasikan
dengan tepat satu entiti anggota gugus pasangannya.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p>c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Relasi banyak-1 (many-to-one relationship).<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adalah satu entiti anggota gugus diasosiasikan dengan satu atau lebih entiti anggota gugus
yang lain dan berlaku pula sebaliknya.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></pre>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-44347168651864281632012-02-05T05:59:00.001-08:002012-02-05T05:59:38.835-08:00Model Hubungan atau Relasi Entiti<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:auto;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:auto;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1592279380;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:1506329548 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style>
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 14pt;">Model
Hubungan atau Relasi Entiti (Entity
Realtionship (E-R) Model).<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";">Relasi
entiti
model menggunakan sejumlah notasi dan simbol untuk menggambarkan
struktur dan
hubungan antar data, pada dasarnya ada 3 macam simbol yang digunakan
yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif";">Entiti
</span></b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";">: adalah suatu objek yang dapat
diidentifikasi dalam lingkungan pemakai, sesuatu yang penting bagi
pemakai
dalam konteks sistem yang akan dibuat. Sebagai contoh pelanggan,
pekerja
dan lain-lain. Seandainya A adalah seorang pekerja maka A adalah
isi dari
pekerja, sedangkan jika B adalah seorang pelanggan maka B adalah
isi dari
pelanggan. Karena itu harus dibedakan antara entiti sebagai bentuk
umum
dari deskripsi tertentu dan isi entiti seperti A dan B dalam contoh
di
atas. Entiti digambarkan dalam bentuk persegi empat.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif";">Atribut
: </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif";">Entiti
mempunyai elemen
yang disebut atribut, dan berfungsi mendeskripsikan karakter
entiti. Misalnya
atribut nama pekerja dari entiti pekerja. Setiap E-R bisa terdapat
lebih
dari satu atribut. Entiti digambarkan dalam bentuk ellips.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif";">Hubungan</span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif";"> :
Relationship; sebagaimana halnya entiti maka dalam hubunganpun
harus
dibedakan antara hubungan atau bentuk hubungan antar entiti dengan
isi dari
hubungan itu sendiri. Misalnya dalam kasus hubungan antara entiti
siswa dan
entiti mata_kuliah adalah mengikuti, sedangkan isi hubungannya
dapat berupa
nilai_ujian. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT","serif";">Relationship
digambarkan dalam bentuk intan / diamonds.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /><span lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-59184376034322055292012-02-05T05:56:00.000-08:002012-02-05T05:56:47.319-08:00Langkah-Langkah Normalisasi<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="-->
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Langkah-langkah normalisasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang paling normal,
maka proses normalisasi dimulai dari normal pertama. Field-field tabel di atas
yang merupakan group berulang : Employee number, Employee name, Rate category,
Hourly rate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Normalisasi Pertama :<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Solusinya hilangkan duplikasi dengan mencari
ketergantungan parsial; menjadikan field-field menjadi tergantung pada satu
atau beberapa field, bukan seluruhnya. Karena yang dapat dijadikan kunci adalah
<i>Project Number </i>dan <i>Employee Number</i>, maka langkah kemudian dicari
field-field mana yang tergantung pada <i>Project Number </i>dan mana yang
tergantung pada <i>Employee Number</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_34" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:387.75pt;
height:96pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\toshiba\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p>Keterangan : nama field yang dicetak miring dan tebal menunjukkan
primary key. Ada beberapa keanehan dalam data pada tabel di atas. Adanya
kesalahan penulisan data pada kolom “project name” record ketiga. Kemungkinan
kesalahan penulisan data semakin bertambah seiring bertambahnya record.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Normalisasi Kedua :<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Field-field yang tergantung pada satu field haruslah dipisah
dengan tepat, misalnya <i>Project Number </i>menjelaskan <i>Project Name </i>dan
<i>Employee Number </i>menjelaskan <i>Employee Name</i>, <i>Rate Category </i>dan
<i>Hourly Rate.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Untuk membuat hubungan antara dua tabel, dibuat suatu tabel yang
berisi key-key dari tabel yang lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Normalisasi Ketiga :<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Pada tabel diatas masih terdapat masalah,
bahwa <i>Employee Number </i>17 mendapatkan <i>hourly
rate</i> yang tidak sesuai dengan <i>rate category </i>nya. Solusinya adalah
mencari hubungan transitif (<i>transitive relation</i>) dimana field non-key
tergantung pada field non-key lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Artinya harus memisahkan field non-kunci <i>Rate
Category </i>yang tadinya tergantung secara parsial kepada field kunci <i>Employee
Number</i>, untuk menghilangkan anomali penulisan data pada field hourly rate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></b>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-6852207520178213872012-02-05T05:08:00.000-08:002012-02-05T05:57:42.528-08:00TAHAP-TAHAP NORMALISASI<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
h3
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:3;
font-size:13.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
pre
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
span.Heading3Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3";
mso-ansi-font-size:13.5pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:13.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
font-weight:bold;}
span.HTMLPreformattedChar
{mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char";
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted";
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:658383768;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:1789558008 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l1
{mso-list-id:843016188;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:1255337340 67698703 1347208232 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l1:level2
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:72.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l2
{mso-list-id:856963477;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-1628437492 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l3
{mso-list-id:993602368;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-299059850 67698703 5412804 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l3:level2
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:72.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l4
{mso-list-id:1179388291;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-1337282628 1118731598 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l4:level1
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style>
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">TAHAP-TAHAP
NORMALISASI :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><h3 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk Normal I (First Normal Form / 1-NF).<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Suatu relasi memenuhi 1-NF jika dan hanya jika setiap atribut dari relasi tersebut hanya
memiliki nilai tunggal dalam satu baris atau record.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Aturan
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Mendefinisikan
atribut kunci<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Tidak adanya group
berulang<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Semua
atribut bukan kunci tergantung pada atribut kunci</span></li>
</ol>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><pre style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk Normal II (Second <st1:place w:st="on">Normal</st1:place> Form / 2-NF).<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aturan</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> :<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Sudah
memenuhi dalam bentuk normal kesatu,<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Sudah
tidak ada ketergantungan parsial, dimana seluruh field hanya tergantung pada
sebagian field kunci.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Atau dengan kata lain suatu relasi memenuhi 2-NF jika dan hanya jika :<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Memenuhi 1-NF.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Setiap atribut yang bukan kunci utama tergantung secara fungsional terhadap semua </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> atribut kunci dan bukan hanya sebagian atribut.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jika suatu relasi memenuhi 1-NF dan relasi tersebut memiliki tepat satu atribut yang
membentuk kunci utama, maka relasi tersebut memenuhi 2-NF.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rasionalisasi 2-NF :<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Memiliki semantik yang lebih eksplisit dari 1-NF.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="IT" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IT" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mencegah beberapa kondisi anomali dalam <i>update</i> data.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></b><br />
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <b>Bentuk Normal III (Third <st1:place w:st="on">Normal</st1:place>
Form / 1-NF).</b><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Suatu relasi memenuhi bentuk III (3-NF) jika dan hanya jika :<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Relasi tersebut memenuhi 2-NF.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Setiap atribut bukan kunci tidak tergantung secara fungsional kepada atribut </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> bukan kunci yang lain dalam relasi tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Atau dengan kata lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Sudah
berada dalam bentuk normal kedua<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Tidak
ada ketergantungan transitif (dimana field bukan kunci tergantung pada field
bukan kunci lainnya).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Suatu relasi yang memenuhi 2-Nf dan hanya memiliki satu atribut bukan kunci selalu</span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
memenuhi 3-NF.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>
<br />
<ul>
<li><h3 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk Normal Boyce-Codd (Boyce-Codd Normal Form /
BCNF).<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Suatu relasi memenuhi BCNF jika dan hanya jika setiap determinan yang ada pada
relasi tersebut adalah kunci kandidat (<i>candidate keys</i>). </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Determinan adalah gugus atribut dimana satu atau lebih atribut lain tergantung
secara fungsional.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Catatan:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Normal seharusnya berada dalam bentuk normal tertinggi
dan bergerak dari bentuk normal satu dan seterusnya untuk setiap kali membatasi
hanya satu jenis redudansi. Keseluruhannya cuma ada lima bentuk normal. Tiga
bentuk normal pertama menekankan redudansi yang muncul dari <i>Function
Dependencies </i>sedangkan bentuk keempat dan kelima menekankan redudansi yang
muncul dari kasus <i>Multi Valued Dependencies</i>.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"></span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-13655857135283988672012-02-05T04:57:00.000-08:002012-02-05T05:44:56.786-08:00RELASI dan NORMALISASI<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
pre
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
span.HTMLPreformattedChar
{mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char";
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted";
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
color:blue;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:727797965;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-426872234 1118731598 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l1
{mso-list-id:1218936640;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-430412048 1011645220 67698703 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l1:level1
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l1:level2
{mso-level-tab-stop:72.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style>
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Relasi <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Konstruksi
utama untuk merepresetasikan data dalam model relasional adalah relasi. Relasi
terdiri dari skema relasi dan contoh relasi. Contoh relasi adalah tabel, dan
skema relasi mendeskripsikan kepala kolom dari tabel tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Normalisasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adalah suatu proses untuk mengubah suatu relasi yang memiliki hubungan tertentu, </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ke dalam dua buah relasi atau lebih dengan ketergantungan dan keterkaitan yang </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">tinggi atau erat. Normalisasi memberikan panduan yang sangat membantu bagi pengembang </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">untuk mencegah terjadinya pembuatan struktur tabel yang kurang fleksibel dan kurang efisien<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Anomali adalah </b>proses dalam basis data yang memberikan efek samping </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">yang tidak diharapkan,</span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> ( misal : in-konsistensi data, membuat suatu data menjadi hilang jika data lain dihapus).<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Proses normalisasi diharapkan dapat menghilangkan anomali yang ada/ditemukan. </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aturan-aturan normalisasi dinyatakan dalam istilah bentuk normal.<b> </b></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Bentuk normal adalah</b> suatu aturan yang dikenakan pada relasi-relasi dalam basis data</span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> dan harus dipenuhi oleh relasi-relasi tersebut pada level-level normalisasi. </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Suatu relasi dikatakan berada dalam bentuk normal tertentu jika </span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">memenuhi kondisi-kondisi yang disyaratkan.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Proses normalisasi melalui tahap-tahap sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk Normal I (First Normal Form / 1-NF).<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk Normal II (Second Normal Form / 2-NF).<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk Normal III (Third <st1:place w:st="on">Normal</st1:place> Form / 3-NF).<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk Normal IV (Fourth <st1:place w:st="on">Normal</st1:place> Form / 4-NF).<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk Normal Boyce-Codd (Boyce-Codd <st1:place w:st="on">Normal</st1:place> Form / BCNF).<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Project-Join <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Normal</st1:city></st1:place> I Form (PJNF).<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">g.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Domain-Key <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Normal</st1:city></st1:place> I Form (DKNF).<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">h.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk Normal V (Fifth Normal Form / 5-NF).<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kegunaan normalisasi :<o:p></o:p></span></b></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Meminimasi pengulangan informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Memudahkan indentifikasi entiti / obyek.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-10243776120392191042012-02-05T04:44:00.000-08:002012-02-05T04:44:35.869-08:00BAHASA BASIS DATA<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="-->
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><img src="http://img2.blogblog.com/img/video_object.png" style="background-color: #b2b2b2; " class="BLOGGER-object-element tr_noresize tr_placeholder" id="ieooui" data-original-id="ieooui" />
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]--><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:2;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:27029651;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-1725669678 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-start-at:0;
mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
@list l1
{mso-list-id:1005281549;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:877982640 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l1:level1
{mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l2
{mso-list-id:1872255853;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:1524372066 67698693 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l2:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
font-family:Wingdings;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Bahasa Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Cara berinteraksi/berkomunikasi
antara pemakai dengan basis data diatur dalam suatu bahasa khusus yang
ditetapkan oleh perusahaan pembuat DBMS. Bahasa itu disebut bahasa basis data.
Bahasa basis data dapat dikelompokkan dalam 2 bentuk yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Data
Definition Language (DDL)<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Dengan bahasa
ini <i>user</i> dapat membuat tabel dan
menghapus tabel, membuat indeks, mengubah tabel dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Data
Manipulation Language (DML)<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Merupakan
bentuk bahasa basis data yang berguna untuk melakukan manipulasi dan pengambilan
data pada suatu basis data. Manipulasi data dapat berupa:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">penyisipan/penambahan
data baru ke suatu basis data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">penghapusan
data dari suatu basis data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">pengubahan
data di suatu basis data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Ada</span></st1:city></st1:place><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 2 jenis DML yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span>1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Prosedural</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">, yang mensyaratkan agar
pemakai menentukan data apa yang diinginkan serta bagaimana cara
mendapatkannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span>2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Non Prosedural</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">, yang membuat pemakai
dapat menentukan data apa yang diinginkan tanpa menyebutkan bagaimana cara
mendapatkannya<o:p></o:p></span></div>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-36697477282397558602012-02-05T04:35:00.000-08:002012-02-05T04:51:14.907-08:00Pengertian Field, Record dan Table<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Pengertian
Field, Record dan Table<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -66pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 143.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -135.75pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> <b>Character</b> </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">merupakan bagian data yang terkecil, dapat berupa karakter numerik, </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">huruf ataupun
karakter-karakter khusus (special characters) yang membentuk suatu item data / field.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 143.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -137.9pt;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> Field </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">merepresentasikan
suatu atribut dari record yang menunjukkan suatu item dari data, seperti
misalnya nama, alamat dan lain sebagainya. Kumpulan dari field membentuk suatu
record.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 143.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -137.9pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> <b>field
name</b> </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">harus
diberi nama untuk membedakan field yang satu dengan lainnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -84pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> <b>field</b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -138pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span></b><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">representation</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">tipe
field (karakter, teks, tanggal, angka, dsb), lebar field (ruang maksimum yang
dapat diisi dengan karakter-karakter data).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -84pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">field value</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">isi dari field untuk
masing-masing record.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -138pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> Record </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Kumpulan dari field
membentuk suatu record. Record menggambarkan suatu unit data individu yang
tertentu. Kumpulan dari record membentuk suatu file. Misalnya file personalia,
tiap record dapat mewakili data tiap karyawan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -138pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> <b>File</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">File terdiri dari
record-record yang menggambarkan satu kesatuan data yang sejenis. </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Misalnya
file mata pelajaran berisi data tentang semua mata pelajaran yang ada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -84pt;">
<b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> Database </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span></b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Kumpulan
dari file / tabel membentuk suatu database<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-56871028183362276112012-02-05T04:26:00.001-08:002012-02-05T04:26:14.522-08:00DBMS<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="-->
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:2;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
{mso-style-priority:34;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:36.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst
{mso-style-priority:34;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:36.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle
{mso-style-priority:34;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:36.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast
{mso-style-priority:34;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:36.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1264411186;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-721114914 67698693 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
font-family:Wingdings;}
@list l1
{mso-list-id:1841000661;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-493703444 69271563 69271555 69271557 69271553 69271555 69271557 69271553 69271555 69271557;}
@list l1:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
font-family:Wingdings;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Pengertian DBMS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">DBMS
atau <i>Database Management System</i>
adalah</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">
perangkat lunak yang didesain untuk membantu memelihara dan memanfaatkan
kumpulan data yang besar. DBMS adalah bagian perangkat lunak yang dirancang
untuk membuat tugas sebelumnya menjadi lebih mudah. Dengan menyimpan data dalam
DBMS, fitur DBMS untuk mengelola data dengan cara yang kuat dan efisien dapat
diterapkan. Karena volume data dan jumlah pengguna terus bertambah, maka
dukungan DBMS menjadi hal yang sangat diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Manfaat DBMS <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Keunggulan
menggunakan DBMS untuk mengelola data:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">kemandirian data</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> (<i>data dependencies</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Program aplikasi idealnya
tidak diekspos pada detail representasi dan penyimpanan data. DBMS menyediakan
satu pandangan abstrak tentang data yang menyembunyikan detail tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">akses data efisien<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">DBMS memanfaatkan
berbagai teknik yang canggih utuk menyimpan dan mengambil data secara efisien.
Fitur ini terutama penting jika data disimpan pada alat penyimpanan eksternal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">integritas dan
keamanan data<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Jika data selalu diakses
melalui DBMS, maka DBMS dapat memanfaatkan batasan integritas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">administrasi data<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Ketika beberapa
pengguna berbagi data, pemusatan administrasi dapat memberikan perbaikan yang
signifikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">akses konkuren and <i>crash recovery</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">DBMS menjadwalkan akses
konkuren pada data dengan cara tertentu sehingga pengguna dapat memandang data
sebagai data yang sedang diakses oleh hanya satu pengguna pada satu waktu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">waktu pengembangan
aplikasi terkurangi<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">DBMS menjadi
lebih kuat daripada aplikasi yang berdiri sendiri karena banyak tugas penting
ditangani DBMS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5778877443180071684.post-16131527205666711842012-02-05T04:20:00.000-08:002012-02-05T04:20:43.944-08:00BASIS DATA<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="-->
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:2;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:auto;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:236866660;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:240002452 -1116427048 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-start-at:0;
mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:-;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
font-family:"TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Ctoshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>IN</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="-->
<m:smallfrac m:val="off">
<m:dispdef>
<m:lmargin m:val="0">
<m:rmargin m:val="0">
<m:defjc m:val="centerGroup">
<m:wrapindent m:val="1440">
<m:intlim m:val="subSup">
<m:narylim m:val="undOvr">
</m:narylim></m:intlim>
</m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page Section1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;
mso-header-margin:36.0pt;
mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]--><b><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;">Dasar dasar Basis Data</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Nilai/<i>value
</i>yang turut merepresentasikan deskripsi dari suatu objek atau kejadian
(event). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 66pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -66pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Catatan</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span> </span>:<span> </span>data adalah bentuk
jamak, bentuk tunggalnya adalah datum. Hal ini perlu dipahami karena masih
sering terjadi salah penulisan seperti kalimat berikut : <i>“data-data ini sangat bermanfaat…”</i> yang benar adalah <i>“data ini sangat bermanfaat…”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Informasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Merupakan
hasil dari pengolahan data dalam suatu bentuk yang lebih berguna dan lebih
berarti bagi penerimanya; yang menggambarkan suatu kejadian-kejadian (<i>event</i>) yang nyata (<i>fact</i>) yang digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Sistem Informasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Suatu
sistem dalam suatu organisasi yang merupakan kombinasi dari orang-orang,
fasilitas, teknologi, media, prosedur-prosedur dan pengendalian untuk
mendapatkan jalur komunikasi penting, memproses tipe transaksi rutin tertentu,
memberi sinyal kepada manajemen dan yang lainnya terhadap kejadian-kejadian
internal dan eksternal yang penting dan menyediakan suatu dasar informasi untuk
pengambilan keputusan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Sistem
informasi = Sistem terotomasi, terdiri dari beberapa komponen, antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span> </span></span></i><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Hardware<span> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:<span> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">CPU, Disk, terminal, printer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -66pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span> </span><span> </span><b><span>Software<span> </span></span>:</b><span> </span>Sistem
operasi, sistem database, prog. Pengontrol komunikasi, prog. aplikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -66pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span> </span><b>Personil<span> </span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:<span> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">yg mengoperasikan sistem, menyediakan masukan,
mengkonsumsi keluaran dan melakukan aktivitas manual yang mendukung sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -66pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span> </span><b>Data<span> </span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span> </span>data yang tersimpan dalam jangka waktu tertentu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -66pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span> </span><b>Prosedur <span> </span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span> </span>instruksi dan kebijakan untuk mengoperasikan sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Pengertian Database<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Kumpulan
dari item data yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lainnya yang
diorganisasikan berdasarkan sebuah skema atau struktur tertentu, tersimpan di <i>hardware </i>komputer dan dengan <i>software </i>untuk melakukan manipulasi
untuk kegunaan tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Database atau basis data
dapat dibayangkan sebagai sebuah lemari arsip. Petugas administrasi mempunyai
wewenang/bertugas untuk mengelolanya, misalnya memberi sampul/map, menentukan
kelompok dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Mengapa Diperlukan Database<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";"><span>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Salah satu komponen penting dalam <i>sistem informasi</i>,
karena merupakan dasar dalam menyediakan informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";"><span>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Menentukan kualitas informasi : akurat, tepat pada
waktunya dan relevan. Informasi dapat dikatakan bernilai bila manfaatnya lebih
efektif dibandingkan dengan biaya mendapatkannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";"><span>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Mengurangi duplikasi data (<i>data redudancy</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPSMT","serif";"><span>-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Hubungan data dapat ditingkatkan (<i>data relatability</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mengurangi pemborosan tempat simpanan luar</span>Mentarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11751839482527912057noreply@blogger.com0